Recent Changes

China (1830-1911)
The Opium Wars (1839-1860)
officials which made it very
{348513x.jpg}
Opium, a highly addictive narcotic, was known in china for its medicinal purpose but the Chinese also knew its dangers. By the 18th century China had already banned its use for anything other than medical treatment. Even though it was banned, there was still great Chinese demand for opium as a recreational drug. Britain and other European countries resolved to meet that demand. In 1836, Britain smuggled 8 million pounds of opium into China, effectively erasing their trade deficit and reversing the balance of the Sino-Western trade. Opium quickly exceeded all other foreign products in value and China was immediately hooked. Importation of opium had grown from around 4,000 chests of opium a year to more than 20,000.

The Taiping Rebellion1850-1864
{Taiping_Rebellion_prisoners.jpg} Taiping Rebellion Prisoners
-The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war fought against the ruling court of the Qing Dynasty.
-The Qing Dynasty was in decline.
-There was massive flooding in the Huang He valley due to poor maintenance of irrigation systems and canals. The population explosions created hardship for Chinese peasants along with a corrupt government and taxes. Poverty and misery increased.

The Boxer Rebellion1898-1901
{BoxerRebellionExecutions.png} Boxer Rebellion Prisoner Execution
-The Boxer Rebellion was the climax of anti-foreign hostility in China.
-The Qing Dynasty eventually fell.
-China was in turmoil as anger started growing against Christian missionaries who belittled Chinese thinkers like Confucius. They were ignoring Chinese laws and lived in their own communities.

"The Hundred Days’ Reform." World History Encyclopedia. Ed. Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel. Vol. 15: Era 7: The Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 527-529. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2012.
"Opium Wars." Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 3 Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2009. 60-63. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.
7. "The"The Opium War Dec. 2012.
Kte’pi, Bill. "Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864)." Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. Ed. K. Bradley Penuel and Matt Statler. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference, 2011. 665-666. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Dec. 2012.
"Boxer Rebellion." World History Encyclopedia. Ed. Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel. Vol. 15: Era 7: The Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 529-530. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Dec. 2012.

The Boxer RebellionRebellion1898-1901
{BoxerRebellionExecutions.png} Boxer Rebellion Prisoner Execution
-The Qing Dynasty eventually fell.

The Taiping RebellionRebellion1850-1864
{Taiping_Rebellion_prisoners.jpg} Taiping Rebellion Prisoners
-The Qing Dynasty was in decline.
-There was massive flooding in the Huang He valley due to poor maintenance of irrigation systems and canals. The population explosions created hardship for Chinese peasants along with a corrupt government and taxes. Poverty and misery increased.
-The peasants rebelled. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war fought againstprobably the ruling of the Qing Dynasty.most devastating peasant revolt in history.
-The Rebellion by Hong Xiuquan whenXiuquan. He exploited himself as a revolutionary prophet and wanted to establish the Qing dynasty was in decline.Taiping, "The Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace."
-Hong Xiuquan Christianity and Confuscianism.Confucianism.
-Hong Xiuquan spread his religious ideas and called an end to the hated Qing Dynasty.
-The Taiping rebels won control of large parts of China and held out for 14 years. The government crushed the rebellion in the end.
-The Taiping Rebellion almost overthrew the Qing Dynasty. It caused about 20-30 million deaths.
Dynasty survived. It had to share power with regional commanders.
-During the rebellion, Europeans kept up pressure on China. Russia seized lands in northern China.

The Boxer Rebellion
{BoxerRebellionExecutions.png} Boxer Rebellion Prisoner Execution
-The Qing Dynasty eventually fell.
-China was in turmoil as anger started growing against Christian missionaries who belittled Chinese thinkers like Confucius. They were ignoring Chinese laws and lived in their own communities.
-Anti-foreign feeling exploded in the Boxer Rebellion.
-A group of Chinese had formed a secret society, called the Righteous Harmonious Fists, with the intention of driving out foreigners for polluting their way of life. Individuals in the group were called Boxers.
-The Boxers attacked foreigners across China until a multinational force was organized to stop the Boxers and rescue the foreigners. The Boxers retreated.
-As a result of this defeat, even the most conservative Chinese were forced to support westernization. China expanded economically.A new business and urban working class was formed.
-Chinese nationalism spread and reformers wanted a stronger government.
-Chinese republic spokesman, Sun Yixian organized the Revolutionary Alliance. He wanted to rebuild China based on three principles; nationalism, democracy, and economic security.

The Taiping Rebellion
Rebellion Prisoners The
-The Taiping Rebellion Qing Dynasty.
The
-The Rebellion was in decline.
Hong
-Hong Xiuquan believed and Confuscianism.
Hong
-Hong Xiuquan spread Qing Dynasty.
The
-The Taiping rebels the end.
The
-The Taiping Rebellion million deaths.
Throught
-Throught it all,

The Republic of China
Before Yuan Shikai, the new premier of China could retake the captured areas from the revolutionaries, the provinces started to declare their allegiance to the Revolutionary Alliance. When Sun Yat-sen returned to China from a fundraising tour, Nanjing(a former capital under the Ming Dynasty) had been taken under control by the revolutionaries and representatives from the provinces began to arrive for the first national assembly. Together they elected Sun the president of the newly declared Republic of China.
be his. TheWith the military position of the Qing weakening and provisions made for the maintenance of the royal family at court, the emperor and of 1912.