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  1. "Chinese Revolution." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 519-522. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012.
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  3. Wang, Dong. "Qing Dynasty." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 925-927. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012.
  4. "Man (Manchus)." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Ed. Timothy L. Gall and Susan Bevan Gall. Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL, 1999. 153-156. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Dec. 2012
  5. "The Hundred Days’ Reform." World History Encyclopedia. Ed. Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel. Vol. 15: Era 7: The Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 527-529. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2012.
  6. "Opium Wars." Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 3 Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2009. 60-63. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.
  7. "The Opium War (Overview)." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.
  8. Kte’pi, Bill. "Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864)." Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. Ed. K. Bradley Penuel and Matt Statler. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference, 2011. 665-666. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Dec. 2012.
  9. "Boxer Rebellion." World History Encyclopedia. Ed. Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel. Vol. 15: Era 7: The Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 529-530. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Dec. 2012.